In airports, you have probably noticed how luggage moves quickly and efficiently. It’s the same thing you can observe in different factories. Have you ever wondered what the science is behind this convenience? The answer lies in conveyor belts. However, it is essential to note that there are several types of conveyor belts, each designed for a specific job.
Some lift heavy objects, while some are specific for delicate items. Knowing the difference between each type is crucial for choosing the right one for the right job. The right belt reduces damage and ensures smooth operation. Hence, in this article, I will break down different conveyor belt types and their specialties. So, let’s get started!
Overview of Conveyor Belts
Conveyor belts are moving platforms that transfer various things from one place to another. They are handy for transporting small items to large objects more efficiently and quickly. It is not wrong to say that these belts have revolutionized various industries and reduced human efforts. Each industry uses them for different purposes.
For example, in the airport, these conveyors transport passengers’ luggage. In mining industries, they are used to trade heavy minerals. Moreover, grocery stores and manufacturing industries also use conveyor belts. But how do these conveyor belts work? Basically, several components play a part in conveyor belts’ smooth and balanced movement.
The key components of a conveyor belt include a roller, belt, and motor. The belt is a smooth and flat surface that carries different items. It is made with various materials depending on the type of material or conveyor. This belt moves on a roller set that moves continuously backward or forward. However, an electrical motor powers the roller to move.
When the operator turns on the motor, the roller moves along with the belt. When you place any item on the belt, it moves with a belt and reaches its destination quickly. However, you can adjust the speed of conveyor belts according to the nature of the object. For example, delicate objects need slow speed to prevent damage, and heavy objects can be moved with fast speed.
Types of Conveyor Belts
Although they work on the same principle, not all conveyor belts are identical. They vary in design, speed, belt material, and handling of the items. So, let’s discuss some common types of conveyor belts with their working and features.
1- Flat Belt Conveyor
It is the most common and widely used type of conveyor belt. As the name suggests, it consists of a long, flat, continuous belt that moves on a solid, flat surface. When the motor powers the belt, it moves along with the luggage and transfers it to the other end of the conveyor. Flat belt conveyors are commonly made with nylon, polyester, or rubber. These materials can be customized according to the needs of industries. What makes flat belts standard is that they are cost-effective, easy, and safe to operate. However, remember that these conveyors cannot handle heavy loads.
2- Modular Belt Conveyor
A modular belt conveyor is an advanced type of belt conveyor. Unlike a flat belt, it consists of small modules that are strongly connected together and form a belt. Those modules or pieces are made of plastic, which enhances durability and flexibility. For example, it can bend, move up or down, and take turns.
Hence, module conveyors are suitable for industries that cope with heavy-duty objects. The working setup of these conveyors is slightly different. HOW? Actually, the small modules move on toothed wheels instead of rollers. These wheels are known as sprockets. When a motor is turned on, these wheels move the modules and convey the object to the other side.
3- Cleated Belt Conveyor
It is a special conveyor belt that provides extra safety to luggage. HOW? Cleated conveyors have unique raised sections known as “cleats.” These cleats are attached to a belt and act as barriers to hold the luggage stable in one place. Cleats are made with plastic, rubber, or metal, depending on the industry’s needs. Their working method is simple: the belt moves on rollers and transfers the item to the next end. Cleated conveyors are specifically designed for transporting the material from a slope.
4- Curved Belt Conveyor
It is the same type as regular belt conveyors but has a curved belt. Products or luggage moves around the bend or corners of these belts in circular form. This type of conveyor provides a smooth and continuous movement for delicate items. Therefore, their composition includes pulleys instead of rollers. When motors power the pulley, the belt moves on a curved path. They also come in custom-designed with different turn angles for belts. Curved conveyors are specifically designed to save space. Therefore, they are used in warehouses, airports, and food industries.
5- Inclined or Declined Conveyor Belt
This type of conveyor belt transports material between different heights. Inclined conveyors move against gravity and transfer products upward. However, declined conveyors move with gravity and transfer products downward. These conveyors have a tilted belt that moves on the rollers. The angle of the belt can be adjusted depending on the height. These conveyors have side guards or cleats to save luggage from dropping and damage. Inclined or declined belt conveyors are used in recycling centers, the food industry, and warehouses.
6- Roller Bed Conveyor Belt
Roller bed conveyors are a particular type that transfers goods long distances. Usually, conveyors have small lengths that are suitable for regular applications. But in these conveyed, several rollers are present at a distance from each other. You can adjust the spacing between rollers depending on the type of material. A long belt moves over these rollers and smoothly transports the luggage over a long distance. These conveyors are specially designed to handle heavy loads that are difficult to transfer otherwise.
7- Magnetic Conveyor Belt
It is a unique conveyor belt that works with the help of a magnet. HOW? It has a set of powerful magnets beneath the belt. When turned on, the belt moves on the bed of magnets, creating powerful magnetism. This magnetism holds the metal objects firmly and conveys them to their destination. Thus, this type of conveyor is only for metal items. Magnetic conveyors allow you to adjust the magnet’s strength according to the metal’s weight. They are commonly used in metalworking and recycling industries.
8- Wire Mesh Conveyor Belt
Wire mesh conveyors are specifically designed for high-temperature applications. They transport items within furnaces and ovens. As the name suggests, wire mesh conveyors have a cage-like belt made of stainless steel wires. This belt moves on the chain or rollers, depending on the subtype. Moreover, this mesh-like design allows heat, coolness, and air to pass, which is suitable for food items. One advanced feature of these conveyors is their self-draining system. Liquid can pass through the wires, which prevents dust buildup and keeps them clean.
9- Sandwich Conveyor Belt
Another type of conveyor belt for transporting objects is a sandwich conveyor. Unlike regular design, these conveyors have two belts that move together. One belt is on the top, and the other is on the bottom. The item being transported is kept between these belts. That’s the reason it is called a sandwich conveyor. As the motor drives the system, these belts grip the object and move at the same speed without risk of crushing. Thus, these conveyors are convenient for transporting luggage to steeper points without the risk of falling off.
10- Portable Conveyor Belt
Last but not least, the portable conveyor belt is another type that provides mobility and flexibility. Unlike permanent conveyors, you can relocate them anywhere. These conveyors come with a collapsible design, allowing folding to make it easy to transport and store. Portable conveyors also have features for adjusting height and length for different jobs. If we look at their work, these conveyors have lightweight aluminum frames. A continuous flat belt made of PVC or rubber runs over rollers to transport items to the next side. Portable conveyors can be operated manually or powered by a motor, depending on need.
Key Factors to Consider When Buying a Conveyor Belt
Choosing a conveyor belt is not as simple as it seems. Every industry has different conveyor belt needs. Thus, choosing the wrong option not only slows down the process but also wastes money. But you need not worry! In this section, I will discuss some factors you must consider before making a final selection. So, let’s jump right in!
- First, understand the type of material you want to transport. If your project requires transporting heavy objects such as bricks, use a rigid belt conveyor, e.g., modular conveyors. On the flip side, if you want to transport delicate items, a soft and smooth belt conveyor, such as a cleated belt conveyor, is suitable.
- Consider the operating environment in which a conveyor will be used. A heat-resistant belt will be suitable for hot places such as bakeries. However, corrosion-resistant rubber or plastic belts are best for humid and moist areas.
- The speed and efficiency of each belt varies. So, the belt conveyors you want to buy should match the ideal speed requirements. For high-speed operations, you should prefer a low-fraction belt. However, you should choose a belt with a higher grip for slow-speed operations.
- Maintenance is another factor you must consider. For instance, cleanliness is crucial in the food industry. Thus, you should buy a belt conveyor that is easy to clean and maintain. Moreover, in case of damage, the belt should be easily replaced.
- Lastly, you should consider the cost and long-term values. For example, buying a cheaper conveyor belt will be more prone to wear and tear. This reduces the lifespan and increases repair costs. However, a costly conveyor belt that ensures durability proves cost-effective in the long run. Moreover, it will also reduce labor and maintenance costs.
Conclusion
Conveyor belts are simple machines used to transport different objects. They come in various designs and features, leading to their types. In this article, I have discussed some common types of conveyor belts and how they work. Each type possesses a different belt material but works on the same principle. For example, most conveyor belts have a series of rollers.
When a motor powers these rollers, they move the belt carrying luggage and transport it to the next end. Some types have flat belts, while some have barriers to hold things firmly. These types are used to transfer items to inclined places. After understanding each type, you should consider material, durability, speed, and cost factors.